The module reviews the concepts of Simulation & Fault Analysis in electrical power systems. Including: Substations and Protection: Switchgear: Circuit-switching devices. Primary-circuit protection devices. LV, HV and secondary distribution and transmission switchgear. Switching conditions. Switchgear testing. Diagnostic monitoring. Protection Systems, System Monitoring and Control, System Security and Emergency Control. Protection Against Overvoltages. Circuit Breakers: Arc Phenomenon, Principles and methods of arc extinction, Classification of circuit breakers, Oil / air/ SF6 circuit breakers. Resistance Switching, Circuit Breaker Ratings. Protective Relays: Basic Relays, Electromagnetic Attraction Relays, Induction Relays, Relay timing. Time P.S.M. curve, Calculation of relay operating time, Functional relay types. Protection of Generators: Differential protection of Generators, modified Differential Protection for Generators, Balanced Earth Fault Protection, Stator Interturn Protection, Bus-bar Protection: Protection of Lines, Time Graded Overcurrent Protection, Differential pilot-wire Protection, Distance Protection. Grounding or Earthing: System Grounding, Ungrounded Neutral System, Neutral Grounding, Solid Resistance Grounding, Reactance Grounding, Arc Suppression Coil Grounding (or Resonant Grounding), Voltage Transformer Earthing, Grounding Transformer.